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Mayelana to ukuxhumana okubonakalayo, ukulawula amandla kubonisa ukuthi kuyindlela ebalulekile uma kuziwa ekuzinzeni kanye nekhono lamasignali esizindeni esihlosiwe. Ngokukhula kwesidingo sejubane namandla amanethiwekhi okuxhumana, kunesidingo sangempela sokuphatha amandla amasignali okukhanya asakazwa nge-fiber optics ngempumelelo. Lokhu kuholele ekudalweni kwe i-fiber optic attenuators njengesidingo sokusebenzisa imicu. Zinomsebenzi obalulekile ekusebenzeni njengezibambisi ngaleyo ndlela zinqande amandla amasiginali okubona ukuthi aye phezulu abangele umonakalo kumishini eyamukelayo noma amaphethini esignali asontekile.
I-fiber attenuation okuyisimiso esiyisisekelo kusixhumanisi se-fiber optic singachazwa njengokulahlekelwa okwenziwa emandleni esignali asesimweni sokukhanya njengoba edlula ikhebula le-fiber optic. Lokhu kuncipha kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukuhlakazeka, ukumunca, nokugoba ukulahlekelwa. Nakuba ukuncishiswa kwesignali kuyinto evamile akumele kufinyelele emazingeni adlulele njengoba kulimaza ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezibonakalayo. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, ama-attenuators asetshenziswa ekusebenzeni ukuze kwehliswe ukushuba kwesignali kuya ezingeni lokusetshenziswa kwayo ngempumelelo kanye nomthelela omncane kubude bempilo yenethiwekhi.
Ku-an uhlelo lokuxhumana optical, isignali kufanele ibe yezinga elithile lamandla elidingwa umamukeli ukucubungula isignali. Uma isignali iqukethe amandla aphezulu, bese ilayisha kakhulu umamukeli futhi ngezinye izikhathi iholela emaphutheni, futhi uma isignali iphethe amandla aphansi, umamukeli angase angakwazi ukubona isignali ngendlela efanele.I-Fiber optic attenuatorsdlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni ibhalansi enjalo ikakhulukazi uma amabanga emafushane okuholela kumazinga aphezulu wamandla angaba nomsindo endaweni eyamukelayo.
Kunezigaba ezimbili zama-attenuators e-fiber optic, ngalinye elihlukaniswa ngokwakhiwa nokusebenza kwalo: Izibambisi ezigxilile kanye nezibambisi eziguquguqukayo. Ama-fiber optic attenuators atholakala kumiklamo nezinhlobo ezahlukene, futhi ngayinye yazo ifanele ukusetshenziswa okuthile noma isidingo. Ama-Attenuators Angaguquki angama-attenuators asemhlabeni wonke kuyilapho izibambisi eziguquguqukayo ziyizibambisi ezithile.
Izibambi Ezigxilile: Lezi izibambisi ezinikeza inani elijwayelekile lokuthotshiswa futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezimeni, lapho izinga elingaguquki lokunciphisa liyadingeka. Ama-attenuators angaguquki avame ukukhiqizwa kumazinga athile okunciphisa, okuhlukahlukene okungahluka kusuka kuma-dB ambalwa kuya kwamashumi e-dB. Inzuzo enkulu yalezi zinhlobo zemicu wukuba lula kwazo ukusetshenziswa kanye nokufakwa ezinhlelweni ezijwayelekile zokuxhumana zokubona.
Izibambisi eziguquguqukayo: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izibambisi eziguquguqukayo zivumela inkululeko yokwehluka kwenani lokuncishiswa elisetshenziswayo ngenxa yemvelo yakhona ehlukahlukene edizayini yesibambisi. Lokhu kulungiswa kungaba ngesandla ngokuphelele noma kungenziwa lula ngokusetshenziswa kwezilawuli ze-elekthronikhi. Izibambisi eziguquguqukayo zingaqashwa kuzilungiselelo zamandla esignali aguquguqukayo lapho amasignali angase eze ngamandla ahlukene ngezikhathi ezihlukene ngakho-ke lapho amandla azo angase adinge ukulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Angatholakala ezivivinyweni eziningi nasezilinganisweni lapho amasignali ehluka futhi ehluka khona.
I-Fiber optic attenuatorkulo mongo, nokho, kusho insiza eklanywe ngenjongo elinganayo yokunciphisa ukukhanya kuze kufike ezingeni elinqunywe kusengaphambili. Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu kungenziwa ngezinqubo ezifana ne-adsorption, i-diffraction, kanye nokuzindla. Bobathathu banobuhle babo futhi bakhethwa ngokuya ngokucaciswa kwesicelo esisetshenziswayo.
I-Absorptive Attenuators: Lezi zibambisi zifaka izinto ezicwilisa kahle ingxenye yesiginali yokubona futhi ziyivimbele ukuthi iqine. Enye yezinto ezicatshangelwayo zedizayini ezinkulu lapho kwakhiwa izibambisi ezisekelwe endleleni yokusebenza yokumunca ukukhethwa kwempahla nesakhiwo ukuze lezi zinikeze cishe ukuncishiswa okungaguquguquki kubude bebanga obufiswayo ngaphandle kokwethula ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe.
Izibambisi ezihlakazayo: Izibambisi ezisekelwe ekuhlakazeni ukukhanya zisebenza kumgomo wokwenza ukulahlekelwa ngamabomu ngendlela yokuhlanekezelwa kwendawo kufiber ukuze okunye ukukhanya kwesigameko kushaye udonga oluyinhloko futhi kuhlakazwe ngaphandle kwefayibha. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mphumela wokuhlakazeka uholela ekubeni buthaka kwesignali ngaphandle kokuphazamisa amandla omdabu we-fiber. Idizayini kufanele iqinisekise ukusatshalaliswa kanye namaphethini e-PUF alindelekile ukuze afinyelele amazinga adingekayo okuncipha.
Ama-Reflective Attenuators: Izibambisi ezikhanyayo zisebenza ngomgomo wempendulo, lapho ingxenye yesiginali yokukhanya ijikijelwa emuva ibheke emthonjeni, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukudluliswa kwesignali eya phambili. Lezi zinciphisi zingase zihlanganisa izingxenye ezikhanyayo njengezibuko ezingaphakathi kwendlela yokubona noma ukubekwa kwezibuko endleleni. Ukuhlelwa kwesistimu kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuthi ukuboniswa kuphazamise uhlelo ngendlela yokuthi ikhwalithi yesignali iyathinteka.
I-Fiber optic attenuatorama-s ayimikhiqizo ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokuxhumana zesimanje, abaklami okufanele bazikhethe ngokucophelela. Ngokulawulwa kwezimpawu zamandla, lawa magajethi aqinisekisa ukugeleza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwedatha ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Ekuhlakazweni, ukuncishiswa kwefayibha wukuntenga kwesiginali okwenzeka ngebanga elinikeziwe njengomphumela wokuboniswa kwesignali, ukuphazamiseka, nokuhlakazeka. Ukubhekana nale nkinga, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-attenuators okungenzeka onjiniyela bazazi futhi bazisebenzise. Ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obubonakalayo, umuntu akanakuziba ukusebenza kahle kwama-fiber optic attenuators njengoba izisetshenziswa zokuthepha nokuklama zizohlala zibalulekile ekuxhumekeni kwalezi zinkundla eziyinkimbinkimbi.