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Ngokuphathelele to unxibelelwano lwe-optical, ulawulo lwamandla lubonisa ukuba yindlela ebalulekileyo xa kuziwa kuzinzo kunye nobuchule beempawu kwi-domain yabo ejoliswe kuyo. Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yesantya kunye nomthamo wothungelwano lonxibelelwano, kukho imfuneko yokwenyani yokulawula amandla emiqondiso yokukhanya ehanjiswa ngefiber optics ngempumelelo. Oku kukhokelele ekudalweni kwe i-fiber optic attenuators njengemfuneko yokusetyenziswa kwiifibers. Banesicelo esibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni njenge-attenuators ngaloo ndlela banqanda amandla ezibonakaliso ze-optical ukuya phezulu kubangela umonakalo kwisixhobo esifumanayo okanye iipateni zesignali ezijijekileyo.
I-Fiber attenuation engumgaqo osisiseko kwikhonkco ye-fiber optic inokuchazwa njengelahleko eyenzeka kumandla omqondiso okwimo yokukhanya njengoko idlula intambo yefiber optic. Oku kuncitshiswa kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya ukusasazeka, ukufunxa, kunye nokugoba ilahleko. Nangona ukuthotywa kophawu kuqhelekile akufuneki kufikelele kumanqanaba agqithisileyo njengoko konakalisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano lwamehlo. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, i-attenuators isetyenziswa ekusebenzeni ukunciphisa umfutho wesignali ukuya kwinqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo kunye nefuthe elincinci kubomi benethiwekhi.
Kwi- inkqubo yonxibelelwano lwamehlo, umqondiso kufuneka ube kwinqanaba elithile lamandla elifunwa ngumamkeli ukucubungula umqondiso. Ukuba isignali iqulethe amandla aphezulu, ngoko igqithisa ummkeli kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ikhokelela kwiimpazamo, kwaye ukuba isignali ithwala amandla aphantsi, ngoko umamkeli akanako ukukwazi ukubona umqondiso ngokuchanekileyo.IFiber optic attenuatorsdlala indima esembindini ekugcineni ulungelelwaniso olunjalo ngakumbi xa imigama imfutshane ekhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu ombane anokuba yingxolo kwicala lokwamkela.
Kukho iiklasi ezimbini ze-fiber optic attenuators, nganye kuzo yahlulwe ngokwakhiwa kunye nomsebenzi wayo: I-attenuators esisigxina kunye ne-attenuators eguquguqukayo. I-Fiber optic attenuators ifumaneka kuyilo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye nganye kuzo ifanelekile kusetyenziso oluthile okanye imfuno. Ii-Attenuators eziZinzileyo zizithinteli zehlabathi jikelele ngelixa ii-attenuators eziguquguqukayo zizigxina ezithile.
I-Fixed Attenuators: Ezi zi-attenuators ezinikezela umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wokunciphisa kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimeko, apho inqanaba elihambelanayo lokunciphisa lifunekayo. Izithinteli ezizinzileyo ziqhele ukuveliswa kumanqanaba athile okuthomalalisa, ezohlukileyo ezinokwahluka ukusuka kwii-dB ezininzi ukuya kumashumi e-dB. Olona ncedo luphambili lwezi ntlobo zentsinga kukulula kwazo ukusetyenziswa kunye nokufakwa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano olubonakalayo.
IiAttenuators eziguquguqukayo: Kwelinye icala, izithinteli eziguquguqukayo zivumela inkululeko yokutshintsha inani lokuthomalalisa elisetyenziswayo ngenxa yokwahluka kwayo kuyilo lwesithinteli. Olu lungelelaniso lunokwenziwa ngesandla ngokupheleleyo okanye lunokwenziwa lula kusetyenziso lolawulo lwe-elektroniki. Izithinteli eziguquguqukayo zinokuqeshwa kwisethingi yamandla omqondiso oguquguqukayo apho imiqondiso inokuza ngamandla ahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwaye ke apho amandla azo anokufuna ukulungiswa amaxesha ngamaxesha. Zinokufumaneka kwiimvavanyo ezininzi kunye nemilinganiselo apho imiqondiso iyahluka kwaye iyahluka.
IFiber optic attenuatorkulo mxholo, nangona kunjalo, ithetha isincedisi esiyilwe ngenjongo elinganayo yokucutha ukukhanya kumlinganiselo omiselweyo. Ngamanye amazwi, oku kunokwenziwa ngeenkqubo ezifana ne-adsorption, i-diffraction, kunye nokucamngca. Zontathu zineenzuzo zazo kwaye zikhethwa ngokuxhomekeke kwinkcazo yesicelo esiphunyeziweyo.
I-Absorptive Attenuators: Ezi zithinteli zibandakanya izinto ezitshona ngokufanelekileyo' inxalenye yomqondiso wokukhanya kwaye ziyithintele ekubeni yomelele kangako. Enye yeengqwalasela eziphambili zoyilo xa kusenziwa izithinteli ezisekwe kwindlela yokusebenza efunxayo kukukhethwa kwemathiriyeli kunye nolwakhiwo ukuze ezi zinike uthokozo oluthe gqolo kwisithuba sobude obunqwenelekayo ngaphandle kokwazisa ilahleko eyongezelelweyo.
I-Attenuators yokusasaza: I-attenuators esekelwe ekukhanyeni ukukhanya isebenza kumgaqo wokwenza ilahleko ngamabomu ngendlela yokuphazamiseka kwendawo kwifiber ukwenzela ukuba ukukhanya kwesiganeko kubethe udonga olungundoqo kwaye luhlakazeke ngaphandle kwefiber. Ngenxa yoko, le mpembelelo yokusabalalisa ikhokelela ekunciphiseni umqondiso ngaphandle kokuphazamisa amandla omdabu wefiber. Uyilo kufuneka luqinisekise usasazo kunye neepateni ezilindelekileyo zePUF ukuze zifikelele kumanqanaba afunekayo okuthomalalisa.
Abajongi abaReflective: Abagqali beReflective basebenza kumgaqo wengxelo, apho ubungakanani bomqondiso wokukhanya bujikijelwa ngasemva ukuya kumthombo, ngaloo ndlela kuncipha ukuhanjiswa komqondiso kwicala eliya phambili. Ezi zithinteli zinokubandakanya amacandelo anjengezipili ngaphakathi kwendlela yokubona okanye ukubekwa kwezibuko ecaleni kwendlela. Uyilo lwesistim kufuneka lwenziwe ngendlela yokuba ukubonakaliswa kuphazamise inkqubo ngendlela enokuthi ichaphazele umgangatho wophawu.
IFiber optic attenuators yimveliso ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo zonxibelelwano zanamhlanje, apho abaqulunqi kufuneka bakhethe ngononophelo. Ngolawulo lweempawu zamandla, ezi zixhobo ziqinisekisa ukuhamba okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kwedatha ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Ekusasazeni, ukuthotywa kwefayibha kukuthotywa komqondiso okwenzeka kumgama onikiweyo ngenxa yokubonakaliswa komqondiso, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokuchithwa. Ukujongana nale ngxaki, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-attenuators ekunokufuneka iinjineli zizazi kwaye zizisebenzise. Kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwamehlo, umntu akanakungahoyi ukusebenza kwefiber optic attenuators njengoko izixhobo zokucofa kunye noyilo ziya kuhlala zibalulekile kuthungelwano lwala maqonga antsonkothileyo.